Wind Energy in New Zealand
New Zealand is ideally situated to generate electricity from wind. Located directly across the path of prevailing westerly winds, many regions of New Zealand have a wind resource that is among the best in the world, with annual average wind speeds of approximately 10 m/s.
In 2005 the Ministry commissioned a study, Availability and Costs of Renewable Sources of Energy for Generating Electricity and Heat, which identifies that wind energy has the potential to contribute significantly to meeting New Zealand's energy needs. The table below identifies the contribution wind power could make to consumer energy, compared with hydro-generation, at less than 16 cents per kilowatt-hour (c/kWh).
Total Resource Available (Consumer Energy) at less than 16c/kWh
NB. High confidence resources are those that are well proven and readily able to be permitted and developed. Achievable development rate has been taken into account. High confidence resources represent an 80-90% confidence that the uptake will occur. Medium confidence estimates represent a median estimate of uptake. Generally these are associated with a more liberal consenting environment. Low confidence estimates represent resources that can be developed but difficulties are expected in terms of permitting and access. They represent a 10-20% confidence that the uptake will occur. Confidence levels are cumulative e.g. the medium confidence resource available will include both the high and medium confidence bands.
The study identifies that the technology associated with wind power continues to mature, which in turn continues to reduce the unit cost of generation. By 2015, generation in the 4-6c/kWh band will be possible, with the largest resource available in the 6-8c/kWh band. By 2025, considerably more of the resource could be available for generation in the 4-6c/kWh band.1 Technological advancement, when combined with New Zealand's wind resource, provides a potentially major opportunity to utilise this renewable resource for electricity generation.
In 2005, the Ministry of Economic Development and the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority commissioned Energy Link Limited and MWH NZ Limited to develop a methodology that can be used to quantify the potential for the integration of wind generated electricity into the New Zealand electricity system and to undertake an initial application of this methodology.2 Wind energy integration is defined as the ability of wind farms to connect to, and operate within, the New Zealand electricity supply network in a manner which is compatible with the day-to-day operation and short term security of the electricity supply system as a whole.3
Wind energy is currently in its infancy in New Zealand with penetration, a measure of installed wind capacity as a percentage of peak load, having reached only 2.5 percent by the start of 2005. The wind energy integration study finds that wind energy could potentially reach 35 percent of total probable capacity and have market share of 20 percent of total electricity generated. The initial analysis therefore indicates that there is potential for much higher levels of wind integration than we currently have.
Wind energy, as with other renewable energy sources, is an environmentally responsible alternative to energy derived from fossil fuels because generation does not produce carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide emissions could be significantly reduced if the potential of wind energy was fully exploited. By contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases, the proposed Motorimu Wind Farm wind farm would assist New Zealand in meeting its commitments under the Kyoto Protocol.
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