Contribution to Government's Policies and Objectives
As stated above, the proposed Kawatiri Energy proposal contributes to the government's stated objectives for the energy sector (energy efficiency and security of supply with an increasing focus on renewables).
Security of Supply
Ensuring security of electricity supply is a critical issue for all New Zealanders and for the government. It is imperative to ensure that New Zealand has the generation capacity over the long term to meet the projected growth in energy demand.
Growth in Energy Demand
The most recent Energy Outlook provided by the Ministry of Economic Development projects that the composition of New Zealand's energy supply and demand will change as the demand for energy increases, the Maui gas field declines and new technologies for the production, delivery and use of energy become more economically viable. It should be noted that several developments since 2003 mean that some of the Outlook's predictions, particularly for the supply side, are dated. In particular, the Outlook included Project Aqua, which would have delayed the need for more generation. Since the Outlook's publication, Meridian Energy Limited have announced that Project Aqua will not proceed.
The Energy Outlook considers a range of scenarios, all of which predict increased electricity demand, ranging from an average of 1.2 percent per annum to 1.8 percent per annum over the period to 2025.2 There is some evidence to suggest that in the shorter term, increases in demand may be higher than these figures. Analysis of Grid Exit Point data from 1999 indicates that electricity demand is currently increasing in the range of 2 to 2.5 percent on average per annum.
It is important that, as the means become available, New Zealand undertakes the transition to renewable energy sources to ensure that we have the capacity to accommodate the growth in demand and to compensate for the inevitable decline in non-renewable sources, such as the Maui gas field. The Kawatiri Energy proposal would contribute, even if only to a small degree, to the increased generation capacity required to satisfy demand while at the same time reducing New Zealand's dependence on non-renewable energy sources.
Sustainable Development Programme of Action for Energy
The Sustainable Development Programme of Action is one of the Government's major over arching documents designed to guide and underpin policy development. Energy has been identified as one of the target areas for sustainable development because of its correlation to economic growth, potential environmental impact, and because both consumers and businesses are heavily reliant on its supply.
The major objective of the programme of action for energy is to ensure continued delivery of energy services to New Zealanders. It acknowledges that renewable energy sources will become increasingly important in providing security of supply and in mitigating harmful effects that energy use can have on the environment.
A sustainable energy discussion document, which establishes a policy framework within which energy choices can be considered going forward, was released on the 27th of October 2004. The document states that sustainable energy must be:
- reliable and resilient;
- environmentally responsible; and
- efficiently and fairly priced.
The discussion document acknowledges that New Zealand still has extensive untapped renewable energy resources and that while few options remain for large new hydro projects, hydro generation is likely to continue expanding by way of small to micro developments.
There are a number of specific energy and energy and energy-related policies and strategies that contribute to sustainable energy objectives, including the National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy, the climate change initiatives and the Government Policy Statement on Electricity Governance. The Kawatiri Energy proposal is consistent with the actions outlined in these documents.
National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy
The National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy (NEECS) is the government's primary means to achieve outcomes sought in the sustainable development programme of action. The purpose of the NEECS is to facilitate the move towards a sustainable energy future for New Zealand by promoting energy efficiency, conservation, and a transition to the use of renewable energy sources.
The NEECS identifies two key policy directions that support New Zealand's movement towards a sustainable energy economy.
- Ongoing improvement in our energy efficiency
Target: By 2012, energy efficiency throughout the economy will improve by at least 20 percent. This target is equivalent to a continual improvement rate of two percent per annum to 2012.
- Progressive transition to renewable sources of energy
Target: By 2012, renewable energy sources will generate an additional 30PJ of energy above 2000 levels. In 2000, renewable energy sources provided 133.5PJ, or 29% of consumer energy. The target means that by 2012, renewable sources should generate a minimum of 163.5PJ of consumer energy, which would equate to approximately a 30-35% market share.
Government Policy Statement on Electricity Governance
The Government's overall objective for the electricity industry is to ensure that electricity is delivered in an efficient, fair, reliable and environmentally sustainable manner to all classes of consumer.
The government has identified a number of desired outcomes consistent with the above objective. The Kawatiri Energy proposal would particularly contribute to achieving the following outcomes:
- the electricity sector contributes to achieving the government's climate change objectives by minimising hydro spill, efficiently managing transmission losses and constraints, promoting demand-side participation and energy efficiency and removing barriers to investment in new generation technologies, renewables and distributed generation; and
- risks relating to security of supply are properly managed.
Resource Management (Energy and Climate Change) Amendment Act 2004
The Resource Management (Energy and Climate Change) Amendment Act 2004 has recently been passed by Parliament. It seeks greater alignment between local government plans and national energy objectives, outlined in the NEECS and climate change policies, and aims to ensure that councils consider the contribution their regions can make to meeting New Zealand's commitments under the Kyoto Protocol.
Specifically the Act has amended section 7 (other matters) of the RMA to require decision-makers to have particular regard to the efficient use of energy, the effects of climate change, and the benefits associated with the use and development of renewable sources of energy.
Climate Change Policy
The utilisation of renewable resources for energy generation is heavily dependent on the incentives provided by the government's climate change policies.
The Projects to Reduce Emissions mechanism seeks to provide incentives for firms to undertake emissions reductions prior to and during the first Kyoto commitment period (2008-2012). The government intends that the mechanism will promote growth in the renewable energy sector and encourage business practices that are less greenhouse gas intensive. In order to qualify, "Projects" must require the provision of an incentive to proceed and emissions reductions must be over and above business-as-usual.
4. The Ministry of Economic Development requests that the consent authority make the following decision:
Approve the application for resource consent.
5. The Ministry of Economic Development does not wish to be heard.
Back to Top